A new study reveals ginger contains a pungent compound that could be up to 10,000 times more effective than conventional chemotherapy in targeting the cancer stem cells at the root of cancer malignancy.

The authors of the study further affirm these points:
“Cancer stem cells pose serious obstacle to cancer therapy as they can be responsible for poor prognosis and tumour relapse. To add into the misery, very few chemotherapeutic compounds show promise to kill these cells. Several researchers have shown that cancer stem cells are resistant to paclitaxel, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, and platinum drugs [8, 16]. CSCs are thus an almost unreachable population in tumours for chemotherapy. Therefore any compound, that shows promise towards cancer stem cells, is a highly desirable step towards cancer treatment and should be followed up for further development.”
The researchers identified a variety of ways by which 6-shagoal targets breast cancer:
- It reduces the expression of CD44/CD24 cancer stem cell surface markers in breast cancer spheroids (3-dimensional cultures of cells modeling stem cell like cancer)
- It significantly affects the cell cycle, resulting in increased cancer cell death
- It induces programmed cell death primarily through the induction of autophagy, with apoptosis a secondary inducer
- It inhibits breast cancer spheroid formation by altering Notch signaling pathway through γ-secretase inhibition.
- It exhibits cytotoxicity (cell killing properties) against monolayer (1-dimensional cancer model) and spheroid cells (3-dimensional cancer model)
It was in evaluating the last mode of 6-shagoal’s chemotherapeutic activity and comparing it to the activity of the conventional chemotherapeutic agent taxol that the researchers discovered an astounding difference. Whereas taxol exhibited clear cytotoxicity in the one-dimensional (flat) monolayer experimental model, it had virtually no effect on the spheroid model, which is a more “real world” model reflecting the 3-dimensionality of tumors and their stem cell subpopulations. Amazingly, this held true even when the concentration of taxol was increased by four orders of magnitude:
“In contrast [to 6-shagoal], taxol, even though was highly active in monolayer cells, did not show activity against the spheroids even at 10000 fold higher concentration compared to 6-shogoal.”
This is a highly significant finding, as it affirms a common theme in cancer research that acknowledges the primarily role of cancer stem cells: namely, while conventional techniques like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are effective at reducing a tumor’s size, sometimes to the point where it is “debulked,” burned,” or “poisoned” out of the body even below the threshold of re-detection, the appearance of “winning the battle” often comes at a steep price, as ultimately the cancer stem cell population regrows the tumors, now with increased vengeance and metastastic invasiveness, resulting in the cancer “winning the war.”
The monolayer model, which does not account for the complex immunity of actual cancer stem-cell based tumors against chemoagents like taxol, represents the old preclinical model of testing cancer treatments. The spheroid model, on the other hand, clearly shows that even 10,000 times higher concentrations of taxol are not capable of beating this ginger component at selectively targeting the root cause of the tumor malignancy.
In their concluding remarks, the authors point out a hugely important distinction between natural anti-cancer agents and conventional ones that have only been introduced in the past half century or so, namely, “Dietary compounds are welcome options for human diseases due to their time-tested acceptability by human bodies.”
Unlike modern synthetically produced and patented chemicals, ginger, curcumin, green tea, and hundreds of other compounds naturally found in the human diet, have been “time-tested” as acceptable to the human body in the largest and longest running “clinical trials” known: the tens of thousands of years of direct human experience, spanning thousands of different cultures from around the world, that constitute human prehistory. These experientially-based “trials” are validated not by RCTs, or a peer-reviewed publication process, but by the fact that we all made it through this incalculably vast span of time to be alive here today. Consider also that if our ancestors made the wrong dietary choice by simply mistaking an edible berry for a poisonous one, the consequences could be deadly. This places even greater emphasis on how the “time testing” of dietary compounds was not an academic but a life-death affair, and by implication, how the information contained within various cultural traditions as “recipes” passed down from generation to generation are “epigenetic inheritance systems” no less important to our health and optimal gene expression as the DNA in our own bodies.
Ultimately, this new study adds to a growing body of research indicating that cancer stem cell targeting approaches using natural substances present in the human diet for thousands of years are far superior than chemotherapy and radiation, both of which actually increase the relative populations of cancer stem cells versus non-tumorigenic ones.
Lets face it, Chemo does NOT work. According to a 2004 report by Morgan, Ward, and Barton: “The contribution of cytotoxic chemotherapy to 5-year survival in adult malignancies. … survival in adults was estimated to be 2.3% in Australia and 2.1% in the USA.”Jun 16, 2014
Consider a alkaline lifestyle and dietary change to treat this lifestyle and dietary dis-ease. Try an alkaline whole foods plant based lifestyle approach and diet to heal the core (the small and large intestines), rebuild the red blood cells and immune system, open the channels of elimination, and buffer and eliminate the acidic metabolic and dietary waste to prevent the primary cause of all cancerous conditions.
To learn more about a non-invasive and non-chemical alkaline approach to the prevention and reversal of a cancerous condition read: Reverse Cancer Now and The pH Miracle for Cancer – www.phoreveryoung.com

References and Evidence for the Efficacy of Ginger in Human Disease:
Pubmed Data : Pain Med. 2015 Jul 14. Epub 2015 Jul 14. PMID: 26177393Article Published Date : Jul 13, 2015Study Type : Meta Analysis, ReviewAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Dysmenorrhea : CK(325) : AC(35)Pharmacological Actions : Analgesics : CK(616) : AC(100)Additional Keywords : Significant Treatment Outcome : CK(2341) : AC(289)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : Nutr J. 2015 ;14:50. Epub 2015 May 14. PMID: 25972154Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014Study Type : Meta Analysis, ReviewAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Turmeric : CK(3923) : AC(1885)Diseases : Chronic Pain : CK(25) : AC(5)Pharmacological Actions : Analgesics : CK(616) : AC(100)Additional Keywords : Natural Substances Versus Drugs : CK(1533) : AC(250), Superiority of Natural Substances versus Drugs : CK(1197) : AC(214)Problem Substances : Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) : CK(1588) : AC(134)
Pubmed Data : J Complement Integr Med. 2015 Feb 10. Epub 2015 Feb 10. PMID: 25719344Article Published Date : Feb 09, 2015Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Diabetes: Glycation/A1C : CK(208) : AC(31), Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 : CK(4292) : AC(359), Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2: Prevention : CK(379) : AC(16), Hyperglycemia : CK(3185) : AC(67), Insulin Resistance : CK(1237) : AC(235)Pharmacological Actions : Hypoglycemic Agents : CK(870) : AC(162), Insulin Sensitizers : CK(239) : AC(42)
Pubmed Data : Complement Ther Med. 2015 Jun ;23(3):396-404. Epub 2015 Apr 21. PMID: 26051575Article Published Date : May 31, 2015Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea : CK(100) : AC(6), Quality of Life: Poor : CK(352) : AC(16)Therapeutic Actions : Aromatherapy : CK(471) : AC(47)Additional Keywords : Essential Oils : CK(11) : AC(2), Significant Treatment Outcome : CK(2341) : AC(289)
Pubmed Data : Microbes Infect. 2006 May;8(6):1450-4. Epub 2006 Mar 29. PMID: 18534325Article Published Date : May 01, 2006Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Orange : CK(126) : AC(28)Diseases : Osteoarthritis: Knee : CK(377) : AC(40)Therapeutic Actions : Aromatherapy : CK(471) : AC(47), Massage/Therapeutic Touch : CK(710) : AC(72)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : Anesth Analg. 2013 Sep ;117(3):597-604. Epub 2012 Mar 5. PMID: 22392970Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2013Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Cardamom : CK(28) : AC(5), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Peppermint : CK(300) : AC(48), Spearmint : CK(32) : AC(4)Diseases : Nausea: Post-Operative : CK(31) : AC(4)Therapeutic Actions : Aromatherapy : CK(471) : AC(47)Additional Keywords : Essential Oils : CK(11) : AC(2), Significant Treatment Outcome : CK(2341) : AC(289)
Pubmed Data : Clin Rheumatol. 2012 Feb ;31(2):259-69. Epub 2011 Jul 20. PMID: 21773714Article Published Date : Jan 31, 2012Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ayurvedic Formulations : CK(109) : AC(19), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Rheumatoid Arthritis : CK(454) : AC(69)Additional Keywords : Natural Substances Versus Drugs : CK(1533) : AC(250), Phytotherapy : CK(870) : AC(140), Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)Problem Substances : Hydroxychloroquine sulfate : CK(10) : AC(1)
Pubmed Data : ISRN Obstet Gynecol. 2014 ;2014:792708. Epub 2014 May 4. PMID: 24944825Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2013Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Premenopausal Disorders : CK(60) : AC(3)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : Support Care Cancer. 2012 Jul ;20(7):1479-89. Epub 2011 Aug 5. PMID: 21818642Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2012Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea : CK(100) : AC(6)Pharmacological Actions : Antineoplastic Agents : CK(1058) : AC(505)Additional Keywords : Phytotherapy : CK(870) : AC(140)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015 ;2015:915087. Epub 2015 Apr 14. PMID: 25954317Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Artichoke : CK(103) : AC(18), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Dyspepsia : CK(174) : AC(22)Pharmacological Actions : Gastrointestinal Agents : CK(37) : AC(1)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705), Significant Treatment Outcome : CK(2341) : AC(289)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : Int J Prev Med. 2013 Apr ;4(Suppl 1):S11-5. PMID: 23717759Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2013Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Cinnamon : CK(147) : AC(64), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Inflammation : CK(1694) : AC(377), Muscle Soreness: Exercise-Induced : CK(114) : AC(13)Pharmacological Actions : Analgesics : CK(616) : AC(100), Anti-Inflammatory Agents : CK(2488) : AC(682)
Pubmed Data : Midwifery. 2008 Feb 11. PMID: 18272271Article Published Date : Feb 11, 2008Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Vitamin B-6 : CK(394) : AC(48)Diseases : Naseau: Pregnancy-Associated : CK(21) : AC(3)
Pubmed Data : Phytother Res. 2013 May 9. Epub 2013 May 9. PMID: 23657930#Article Published Date : May 08, 2013Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : MigrainesAdditional Keywords : Natural Substances Versus Drugs : CK(1533) : AC(250), Superiority of Natural Substances versus Drugs : CK(1197) : AC(214)
Pubmed Data : Metabolism. 2012 Oct ;61(10):1347-52. Epub 2012 Apr 24. PMID: 22538118Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2012Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Overweight : CK(2347) : AC(362), Weight Probems: Appetite : CK(122) : AC(16)Pharmacological Actions : Thermogenic : CK(47) : AC(8)
Pubmed Data : J Crit Care. 2010 Feb 9. Epub 2010 Feb 9. PMID: 20149584Article Published Date : Feb 09, 2010Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Gastroparesis : CK(92) : AC(9), Pneumonia : CK(330) : AC(40), Respiratory Distress Syndrome : CK(11) : AC(2)
Pubmed Data : Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2013 Mar 18. Epub 2013 Mar 18. PMID: 23496212Article Published Date : Mar 17, 2013Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 : CK(4292) : AC(359), Insulin Resistance : CK(1237) : AC(235)Pharmacological Actions : Insulin Sensitizers : CK(239) : AC(42)
Pubmed Data : Saudi Med J. 2008 Sep;29(9):1280-4. PMID: 18813412Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2008Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Cholesterol: High : CK(933) : AC(159), High Cholesterol : CK(1974) : AC(199), Hypercholesterolemia : CK(990) : AC(167), Hyperlipidemia : CK(1287) : AC(115)
Pubmed Data : Nutr Cancer. 2007;58(1):60-5. PMID: 12576305Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2007Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Motion Sickness : CK(10) : AC(1)Pharmacological Actions : Vasopressin Inhibitor : CK(12) : AC(2)
Pubmed Data : Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Nov;44(11):2531-8. PMID: 11710709Article Published Date : Nov 01, 2001Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Osteoarthritis: Knee : CK(377) : AC(40)
Pubmed Data : Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012 ;2012:383062. Epub 2011 Dec 22. PMID: 22235230Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2012Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Cognitive Decline/Dysfunction : CK(725) : AC(95)
Pubmed Data : J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Sep 6;54(18):6640-4. PMID: 16939321Article Published Date : Sep 06, 2006Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1 : CK(1217) : AC(235), Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 : CK(4292) : AC(359)Pharmacological Actions : Aldose reductase inhibitor : CK(15) : AC(4)
Pubmed Data : Phytother Res. 2014 Oct 8. Epub 2014 Oct 8. PMID: 25298352Article Published Date : Oct 07, 2014Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Bleeding: Excessive : CK(2) : AC(1), Menorrhagia : CK(10) : AC(1), Uterine Bleeding : CK(20) : AC(1)
Pubmed Data : J Altern Complement Med. 2009 Feb 13. PMID: 19216660Article Published Date : Feb 13, 2009Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Dysmenorrhea : CK(325) : AC(35)Additional Keywords : Ibuprofen Alternatives : CK(37) : AC(12), Natural Substances Versus Drugs : CK(1533) : AC(250)
Pubmed Data : Integr Cancer Ther. 2012 Feb 7. Epub 2012 Feb 7. PMID: 22313739Article Published Date : Feb 07, 2012Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea : CK(100) : AC(6)
Pubmed Data : Acta Otolaryngol. 1988 Jan-Feb;105(1-2):45-9. PMID: 3277342Article Published Date : Jan 01, 1988Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Nausea : CK(50) : AC(5), Nausea: Sea-Sickness : CK(10) : AC(1)
Pubmed Data : Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010 Sep 14. Epub 2010 Sep 14. PMID: 20842754Article Published Date : Sep 14, 2010Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity : CK(718) : AC(203), Naseau: Chemotherapy-Induced : CK(70) : AC(6)Pharmacological Actions : Antiemetics : CK(40) : AC(4)
Pubmed Data : ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1986;48(5):282-6. PMID: 3537898Article Published Date : Jan 01, 1986Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Vertigo : CK(61) : AC(6)
Pubmed Data : World J Gastroenterol. 2011 Jan 7;17(1):105-10. PMID: 21218090Article Published Date : Jan 07, 2011Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Dyspepsia : CK(174) : AC(22)
Pubmed Data : Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2014 Feb 4. Epub 2014 Feb 4. PMID: 24490949Article Published Date : Feb 03, 2014Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1 : CK(1217) : AC(235), Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1: Prevention : CK(223) : AC(36), Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 : CK(4292) : AC(359), Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2: Prevention : CK(379) : AC(16)Pharmacological Actions : Aldose reductase inhibitor : CK(15) : AC(4)
Pubmed Data : Phytother Res. 2015 Jun ;29(6):887-93. Epub 2015 Mar 18. PMID: 25787877Article Published Date : May 31, 2015Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Muscle Damage : CK(2) : AC(1), Muscle Soreness : CK(25) : AC(5)Therapeutic Actions : Exercise : CK(553) : AC(77)Additional Keywords : Supplementation
Pubmed Data : Altern Ther Health Med. 2002 Sep-Oct;8(5):89-91. PMID: 12233808Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2002Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Morning Sickness : CK(50) : AC(5)
Pubmed Data : Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2006 Sep;26(9):621-4. PMID: 17036477Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2006Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Neurogenic Bladder : CK(91) : AC(10), Stroke: PostStroke Urinary Disorders : CK(10) : AC(1)Therapeutic Actions : Moxibustion : CK(214) : AC(22)
Pubmed Data : J Perianesth Nurs. 2009 Oct;24(5):307-12. PMID: 19853815Article Published Date : Oct 01, 2009Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Lavender : CK(330) : AC(38)Diseases : Anxiety: Preoperative : CK(30) : AC(3)Therapeutic Actions : Aromatherapy : CK(471) : AC(47)
Pubmed Data : J Altern Complement Med. 2008 Jun;14(5):545-51. PMID: 18537470Article Published Date : Jun 01, 2008Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Protein Supplement : CK(73) : AC(7)Diseases : Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea : CK(100) : AC(6), Nausea : CK(50) : AC(5)Pharmacological Actions : Antiemetics : CK(40) : AC(4)
Pubmed Data : Complement Ther Med. 2014 Feb ;22(1):9-16. Epub 2014 Jan 8. PMID: 24559810Article Published Date : Jan 31, 2014Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Diabetes: Glycation/A1C : CK(208) : AC(31), Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 : CK(4292) : AC(359), Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2: Prevention : CK(379) : AC(16)Pharmacological Actions : Hypoglycemic Agents : CK(870) : AC(162)
Pubmed Data : Rev Diabet Stud. 2014 Fall-Winter;11(3-4):258-66. Epub 2015 Feb 10. PMID: 26177486Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2014Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Cardamom : CK(28) : AC(5), Cinnamon : CK(147) : AC(64), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Saffron : CK(165) : AC(37)Diseases : Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 : CK(4292) : AC(359), High Cholesterol : CK(1974) : AC(199)Pharmacological Actions : Anticholesteremic Agents : CK(815) : AC(140)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012 ;12:92. Epub 2012 Jul 10. PMID: 22781186Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2011Study Type : Human StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Dysmenorrhea : CK(325) : AC(35)Pharmacological Actions : Analgesics : CK(616) : AC(100)Additional Keywords : Phytotherapy : CK(870) : AC(140), Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Nov 14 ;60(45):11372-7. Epub 2012 Nov 6. PMID: 23066935Article Published Date : Nov 13, 2012Study Type : Animal Study, Human In VitroAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Cancers, Carcinoma: Non-Small-Cell Lung : CK(53) : AC(11), Colon Cancer : CK(973) : AC(254)Pharmacological Actions : Antiproliferative : CK(1768) : AC(1208)Additional Keywords : Biotransformation, Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Nov 1. Epub 2012 Nov 1. PMID: 23123794Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2012Study Type : Human In VitroAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections : CK(56) : AC(14)Pharmacological Actions : Antiviral Agents : CK(795) : AC(322)Additional Keywords : fresh versus dried potencies
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012 ;2012:936030. Epub 2012 Jan 29. PMID: 22454691Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2012Study Type : Human In VitroAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Zerumbone : CK(5) : AC(1)Diseases : Pancreatic Cancer : CK(671) : AC(178)Pharmacological Actions : Apoptotic : CK(2152) : AC(1476), Caspase-3 Activation : CK(73) : AC(15), P21 Activation : CK(8) : AC(1), Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 Upregulation : CK(228) : AC(146)Additional Keywords : Zerumbone
Pubmed Data : Toxicol Lett. 2012 Jan 10 ;210(1):34-43. Epub 2012 Jan 10. PMID: 22285432Article Published Date : Jan 10, 2012Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Gingerol : CK(27) : AC(2)Diseases : Arsenic Poisoning : CK(84) : AC(26), Insulin Resistance : CK(1237) : AC(235)Pharmacological Actions : Insulin Sensitizers : CK(239) : AC(42)
Pubmed Data : Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2008 Dec ;63(6):807-13. PMID: 19061005Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2008Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Liver Cancer: Prevention : CK(109) : AC(21)Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Inflammatory Agents : CK(2488) : AC(682), Antineoplastic Agents : CK(1058) : AC(505), NF-kappaB Inhibitor : CK(799) : AC(519), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor : CK(1248) : AC(456)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Biofactors. 2010 Nov-Dec;36(6):483-90. Epub 2010 Sep 24. PMID: 20872761Article Published Date : Nov 01, 2010Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Liver Cancer: Prevention : CK(109) : AC(21)Pharmacological Actions : Chemopreventive : CK(2078) : AC(530)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Rejuvenation Res. 2015 Mar 26. Epub 2015 Mar 26. PMID: 25811848Article Published Date : Mar 25, 2015Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Gingerol : CK(27) : AC(2)Diseases : Alzheimer’s Disease : CK(1087) : AC(168), Oxidative Stress : CK(2855) : AC(750)Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Inflammatory Agents : CK(2488) : AC(682), Antioxidants : CK(5416) : AC(1618), Neuroprotective Agents : CK(1376) : AC(685), Nitric Oxide Inhibitor : CK(107) : AC(57)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Sep;32(7):467-73. PMID: 19819286Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2010Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Gout : CK(114) : AC(24), Hyperuricemia : CK(169) : AC(40)
Pubmed Data : J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Apr 6;53(7):2446-50. PMID: 16971750Article Published Date : Apr 06, 2005Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Catechols : CK(14) : AC(12), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: Cisplatin : CK(195) : AC(76), Oxidative Stress : CK(2855) : AC(750)Pharmacological Actions : Antineoplastic Agents : CK(1058) : AC(505), Renoprotective : CK(222) : AC(106)
Pubmed Data : Int J Biomed Sci. 2013 Jun ;9(2):82-90. PMID: 23847458Article Published Date : May 31, 2013Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Diabetes: Kidney Function : CK(79) : AC(24), Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1 : CK(1217) : AC(235), Diabetic Glomerular Hypertrophy : CK(2) : AC(1)Pharmacological Actions : Renoprotective : CK(222) : AC(106)
Pubmed Data : J Pharm Pharmacol. 2004 Jan ;56(1):101-5. PMID: 14980006Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2003Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1: Prevention : CK(223) : AC(36), Hypertension : CK(3437) : AC(285)Pharmacological Actions : Hypoglycemic Agents : CK(870) : AC(162), Insulin-releasing : CK(41) : AC(15)Additional Keywords : Phytotherapy : CK(870) : AC(140)Problem Substances : Insulin : CK(137) : AC(19)
Pubmed Data : Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2014 Oct-Dec;27(4):531-41. PMID: 25572733Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2014Study Type : Animal Study, In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Black Pepper : CK(89) : AC(37), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Thyme : CK(40) : AC(25)Diseases : Pyelonephritis : CK(17) : AC(4)Pharmacological Actions : Antimicrobial : CK(148) : AC(21)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2014 ;11(4):1-8. Epub 2014 Jun 4. PMID: 25392573Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2013Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Cinnamon : CK(147) : AC(64), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Diabetic Complications : CK(1333) : AC(230)Pharmacological Actions : Antioxidants : CK(5416) : AC(1618), Spermatogenic : CK(12) : AC(2)
Pubmed Data : J Med Food. 2008 Mar;11(1):152-9. PMID: 18361751Article Published Date : Mar 01, 2008Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Garlic : CK(569) : AC(172), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 : CK(4292) : AC(359)Pharmacological Actions : Insulin-releasing : CK(41) : AC(15)Additional Keywords : Insulinotrophic : CK(2) : AC(1)
Pubmed Data : J Sci Food Agric. 2011 Sep 14. Epub 2011 Sep 14. PMID: 21918995Article Published Date : Sep 13, 2011Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Capsaicin : CK(60) : AC(34), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Piperine : CK(68) : AC(14)Diseases : Fat Malabsorption : CK(2) : AC(1), Indigestion: Fats : CK(2) : AC(1), Steatorrhea : CK(12) : AC(2)Pharmacological Actions : Enzyme Inhibitors: Pancreatic Lipase : CK(12) : AC(2)
Pubmed Data : Altern Med Rev. 2008 Mar;13(1):6-20. PMID: 18389491Article Published Date : Mar 01, 2008Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Oxidative Stress : CK(2855) : AC(750), Pesticide Toxicity : CK(147) : AC(45)Pharmacological Actions : Antioxidants : CK(5416) : AC(1618)Additional Keywords : Chemical: Lindane : CK(22) : AC(7), Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Niger J Physiol Sci. 2011 ;26(1):89-96. Epub 2011 Nov 23. PMID: 22314994Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2011Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 : CK(4292) : AC(359), Insulin Resistance : CK(1237) : AC(235), Oxidative Stress : CK(2855) : AC(750)Pharmacological Actions : Antioxidants : CK(5416) : AC(1618), Hypoglycemic Agents : CK(870) : AC(162), Insulin Sensitizers : CK(239) : AC(42), Malonaldehyde (MDA) Down-Regulation : CK(20) : AC(6)
Pubmed Data : Br J Nutr. 2010 Feb 24:1-9. Epub 2010 Feb 24. PMID: 20178671Article Published Date : Feb 24, 2010Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Black Pepper : CK(89) : AC(37), Capsaicin : CK(60) : AC(34), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Piperine : CK(68) : AC(14), Red Pepper : CK(4) : AC(2)Diseases : Malabsorption Syndrome : CK(34) : AC(11), Microvilli atrophy : CK(4) : AC(1)Additional Keywords : Nutrient Absorption : CK(4) : AC(2)
Pubmed Data : J Helminthol. 1987 Sep;61(3):268-70. PMID: 3668217Article Published Date : Sep 01, 1987Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Dog Diseases : CK(3) : AC(2), Pets: Heartworm : CK(3) : AC(2)Pharmacological Actions : Antiparasitic Agents : CK(37) : AC(22)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : J Med Food. 2010 Dec ;13(6):1397-401. PMID: 21091253Article Published Date : Nov 30, 2010Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Morphine Tolerance/Dependence : CK(104) : AC(17), Pain : CK(633) : AC(102)Pharmacological Actions : Analgesics : CK(616) : AC(100)Additional Keywords : Drug Synergy : CK(341) : AC(151), Phytotherapy : CK(870) : AC(140), Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2008 ;6(1):87-93. Epub 2008 Oct 25. PMID: 20162046Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2008Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Liver Cancer: Prevention : CK(109) : AC(21)Pharmacological Actions : Chemopreventive : CK(2078) : AC(530)
Pubmed Data : Ren Fail. 2012 ;34(1):73-82. Epub 2011 Oct 21. PMID: 22017619Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2012Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Arabic gum : CK(14) : AC(3), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Kidney Failure : CK(682) : AC(38), Kidney Failure: Acute : CK(51) : AC(11), Kidney Failure: Chronic : CK(134) : AC(18)Pharmacological Actions : Renoprotective : CK(222) : AC(106)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : Iran J Parasitol. 2014 Oct-Dec;9(4):530-40. PMID: 25759734Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2014Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Cinnamon : CK(147) : AC(64), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Giardiasis : CK(13) : AC(4)Pharmacological Actions : Antioxidants : CK(5416) : AC(1618), Antiprotozoal Agents : CK(14) : AC(5)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705), Significant Treatment Outcome : CK(2341) : AC(289)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2015 Mar ;28(1):122-8. PMID: 25816415Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2015Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Zinc : CK(880) : AC(128)Diseases : Chemical Exposure : CK(49) : AC(15), Chemically-Induced Liver Damage : CK(500) : AC(187), Kidney Damage: Chemically-Induced : CK(2) : AC(1)Pharmacological Actions : Hepatoprotective : CK(632) : AC(282), Renoprotective : CK(222) : AC(106)Additional Keywords : Malathion Toxicity, Zinc Chloride
Pubmed Data : J Nat Prod. 2009 Feb 13. PMID: 19216559Article Published Date : Feb 13, 2009Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Arthritis: Rheumatoid : CK(295) : AC(53)
Pubmed Data : Int J Cancer. 2009 Jan 15;124(2):264-71. PMID: 19003968Article Published Date : Jan 15, 2009Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Colon Cancer : CK(973) : AC(254), Lung Cancer : CK(857) : AC(230)Pharmacological Actions : Anticarcinogenic Agents : CK(833) : AC(282), NF-kappaB Inhibitor : CK(799) : AC(519)
Pubmed Data : Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2006 Jun;84(2):179-88. Epub 2006 Jun 21. PMID: 16797061Article Published Date : Jun 01, 2006Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Radiation Induced Illness : CK(1022) : AC(256)Pharmacological Actions : Antioxidants : CK(5416) : AC(1618), Radioprotective : CK(460) : AC(185)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Acta Pol Pharm. 2007 May-Jun;64(3):217-20. PMID: 17695143Article Published Date : May 01, 2007Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Parabens-Associated Toxicity : CK(16) : AC(5)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Acta Pol Pharm. 2009 May-Jun;66(3):225-8. PMID: 19645321Article Published Date : May 01, 2009Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Parabens-Associated Toxicity : CK(16) : AC(5)Pharmacological Actions : Antioxidants : CK(5416) : AC(1618)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : PLoS One. 2015 ;10(5):e0126605. Epub 2015 May 11. PMID: 25961833Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : 6-Shogaol : CK(28) : AC(1), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Gingerol : CK(27) : AC(2)Diseases : Pancreatic Cancer : CK(671) : AC(178)Pharmacological Actions : Antiproliferative : CK(1768) : AC(1208), Autophagy Up-regulation : CK(55) : AC(13)
Pubmed Data : Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2009 Mar;104(3):262-71. Epub 2009 Jan 20. PMID: 19175367Article Published Date : Mar 01, 2009Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Arthritis: Rheumatoid : CK(295) : AC(53)Additional Keywords : Food as Medicine : CK(18) : AC(6), Superiority of Natural Substances versus Drugs : CK(1197) : AC(214)
Pubmed Data : Pak J Biol Sci. 2007 Sep 1;10(17):2968-71. PMID: 19090210Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2007Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Uremia : CK(91) : AC(20)
Pubmed Data : J Neuroimmunol. 2014 Nov 15 ;276(1-2):80-8. Epub 2014 Aug 19. PMID: 25175065Article Published Date : Nov 14, 2014Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Encephalomyelitis : CK(12) : AC(7), Multiple Sclerosis : CK(821) : AC(150)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705), Significant Treatment Outcome : CK(2341) : AC(289)
Pubmed Data : Indian J Exp Biol. 2005 Dec;43(12):1161-4. PMID: 16359128Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2005Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Fructose-Induced Toxicity : CK(140) : AC(52), Hyperinsulinism : CK(1451) : AC(51), Hyperlipidemia : CK(1287) : AC(115), Metabolic Syndrome X : CK(675) : AC(124)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Planta Med. 2012 Jan 10. Epub 2012 Jan 10. PMID: 22234408Article Published Date : Jan 10, 2012Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Insulin Resistance : CK(1237) : AC(235)Pharmacological Actions : Insulin Sensitizers : CK(239) : AC(42)Problem Substances : Fructose : CK(359) : AC(105)
Pubmed Data : Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2009 Jul 1. PMID: 19570992Article Published Date : Jul 01, 2009Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Acid Reflux : CK(288) : AC(42), Gastroesophageal Reflux : CK(288) : AC(42), Helicobacter Pylori Infection : CK(380) : AC(68)Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Bacterial Agents : CK(1194) : AC(362), Proton Pump Inhibitor : CK(36) : AC(13)Additional Keywords : Natural Substances Versus Drugs : CK(1533) : AC(250), Prevacid (Lansoprazole) Alternatives : CK(6) : AC(3)
Pubmed Data : Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Dec 22. Epub 2010 Dec 22. PMID: 21184796Article Published Date : Dec 22, 2010Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Diabetes: Cognitive Dysfunction : CK(35) : AC(12)Pharmacological Actions : Neuroprotective Agents : CK(1376) : AC(685)
Pubmed Data : J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Feb 28;97(2):227-30. PMID: 15707757Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2005Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Cholesterol: LDL/HDL ratio : CK(462) : AC(58), Diabetes: Cardiovascular Illness : CK(690) : AC(106), Hyperlipidemia : CK(1287) : AC(115)Pharmacological Actions : Hypolipidemic : CK(515) : AC(104)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Chin J Physiol. 2011 Apr 30 ;54(2):79-86. PMID: 21789888Article Published Date : Apr 30, 2011Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Diabetes: Kidney Function : CK(79) : AC(24), Kidney Damage : CK(144) : AC(42)Pharmacological Actions : Renoprotective : CK(222) : AC(106)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2009 May;104(5):366-73. PMID: 19413656Article Published Date : May 01, 2009Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Metabolic Syndrome X : CK(675) : AC(124)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Br J Nutr. 2006 Oct;96(4):660-6. PMID: 17010224Article Published Date : Oct 01, 2006Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Diabetes: Cardiovascular Illness : CK(690) : AC(106), Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1 : CK(1217) : AC(235)Pharmacological Actions : Hypoglycemic Agents : CK(870) : AC(162)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Mol Nutr Food Res. 2011 Sep ;55 Suppl 2:S203-13. Epub 2011 Aug 30. PMID: 21954187Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2011Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Obesity : CK(2013) : AC(288)
Pubmed Data : Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2009 Mar;29(3):247-51. PMID: 21327992Article Published Date : Mar 01, 2009Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Schistosomiasis : CK(10) : AC(6)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012 ;2012:614356. Epub 2012 Aug 26. PMID: 22969274Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2011Study Type : Insect StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Breast Cancer : CK(2940) : AC(676)Pharmacological Actions : Apoptotic : CK(2152) : AC(1476), Bax/Bcl2 Ratio: Decrease : CK(6) : AC(3), Bcl-2 protein down-regulation : CK(90) : AC(49)
Pubmed Data : Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Jun;47(6):1190-7. Epub 2009 Feb 20. PMID: 19233241Article Published Date : Jun 01, 2009Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Brain: Microglial Activation : CK(74) : AC(47), Brain Inflammation : CK(107) : AC(45), Inflammation : CK(1694) : AC(377), Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Toxicity : CK(260) : AC(138), Neurodegenerative Diseases : CK(2452) : AC(447)Pharmacological Actions : Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors : CK(311) : AC(174), NF-kappaB Inhibitor : CK(799) : AC(519), Nitric Oxide Inhibitor : CK(107) : AC(57), Prostaglandin Antagonists : CK(27) : AC(13)
Pubmed Data : J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2005 Jan;45(1):74-80. PMID: 15613983Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2005Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Hypertension : CK(3437) : AC(285)Pharmacological Actions : Antihypertensive Agents : CK(628) : AC(89), Calcium Channel Blockers : CK(86) : AC(22)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:429505. Epub 2010 Dec 20. PMID: 21197427Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2011Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Brain Damage : CK(85) : AC(39), Cerebral Ischemia : CK(169) : AC(49), Memory Disorders : CK(241) : AC(68)Pharmacological Actions : Neuroprotective Agents : CK(1376) : AC(685)
Pubmed Data : Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 Nov;45(11):2267-72. Epub 2007 Jun 9. PMID: 17637489Article Published Date : Nov 01, 2007Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Toxicity : CK(104) : AC(30)Pharmacological Actions : Hepatoprotective : CK(632) : AC(282)
Pubmed Data : Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Jul;47(7):1584-90. Epub 2009 Apr 23. PMID: 19371770Article Published Date : Jul 01, 2009Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Bromobenzene Toxicity : CK(2) : AC(1)Pharmacological Actions : Hepatoprotective : CK(632) : AC(282)
Pubmed Data : Pharmacognosy Res. 2012 Jan ;4(1):27-32. PMID: 22224058Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2012Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Brain Damage : CK(85) : AC(39)Pharmacological Actions : Glutathione Upregulation : CK(144) : AC(48), Neuroprotective Agents : CK(1376) : AC(685), Superoxide Dismutase Up-regulation : CK(159) : AC(53)Problem Substances : Dichlorvos : CK(4) : AC(2), Lindane : CK(2) : AC(1)
Pubmed Data : Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Sep;46(9):3178-81. Epub 2008 Jul 17. PMID: 18680783Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2008Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: Doxorubicin : CK(59) : AC(25)
Pubmed Data : Nutr Metab (Lond). 2011 ;8:40. Epub 2011 Jun 20. PMID: 21689445Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2011Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : ALT: Elevated : CK(60) : AC(10), AST: Elevated : CK(26) : AC(4), Liver Fibrosis : CK(155) : AC(75)Pharmacological Actions : Glutathione Upregulation : CK(144) : AC(48), Malonaldehyde (MDA) Down-Regulation : CK(20) : AC(6), Renoprotective : CK(222) : AC(106), Superoxide Dismutase Up-regulation : CK(159) : AC(53)
Pubmed Data : Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007 Dec;51(12):1492-502. PMID: 18030663Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2007Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Prostate Cancer : CK(1342) : AC(311)
Pubmed Data : Reprod Domest Anim. 2011 Jul 26. Epub 2011 Jul 26. PMID: 21790801Article Published Date : Jul 26, 2011Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Aluminum Toxicity : CK(114) : AC(40)
Pubmed Data : Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2004 Aug;19(4):422-35. PMID: 15453957Article Published Date : Aug 01, 2004Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Oxidative Stress : CK(2855) : AC(750), Radiation Induced Illness : CK(1022) : AC(256)Pharmacological Actions : Antioxidants : CK(5416) : AC(1618), Radioprotective : CK(460) : AC(185)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Pak J Biol Sci. 2009 Feb 1;12(3):201-12. PMID: 19579948Article Published Date : Feb 01, 2009Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Excitotoxicity : CK(57) : AC(34)Pharmacological Actions : Neuroprotective Agents : CK(1376) : AC(685)
Pubmed Data : Rejuvenation Res. 2013 Apr ;16(2):124-33. PMID: 23374025Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2013Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Pharmacological Actions : Interleukin-1 beta downregulation : CK(273) : AC(112), Malondialdehyde Down-regulation : CK(238) : AC(60), Neuroprotective Agents : CK(1376) : AC(685), NF-kappaB Inhibitor : CK(799) : AC(519), Superoxide Dismutase Up-regulation : CK(159) : AC(53)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Masui. 2001 May;50(5):486-90. PMID: 11424461Article Published Date : May 01, 2001Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Bupleurum : CK(6) : AC(3), Chinese Skullcap : CK(99) : AC(59), Cinnamon : CK(147) : AC(64), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Japanese Herbal Formula: Sho-saiko-to : CK(2) : AC(1), Jujube : CK(12) : AC(2), Licorice : CK(302) : AC(84), Peony : CK(54) : AC(12), Pinellia : CK(2) : AC(1)Diseases : Trigeminal Neuralgia : CK(140) : AC(18)Pharmacological Actions : Analgesics : CK(616) : AC(100)
Pubmed Data : J Nutr Biochem. 2015 May 28. Epub 2015 May 28. PMID: 26101135Article Published Date : May 27, 2015Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : 6-Shogaol : CK(28) : AC(1), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Gingerol : CK(27) : AC(2)Diseases : High Fat Diet : CK(46) : AC(1), Obesity : CK(2013) : AC(288)Additional Keywords : Anti-Obesity Agents : CK(106) : AC(27), Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012 ;2012:570948. Epub 2012 Nov 6. PMID: 23193424Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2011Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Fructose-Induced Toxicity : CK(140) : AC(52), Liver Stress: Fructose-Induced : CK(19) : AC(10)Problem Substances : Fructose : CK(359) : AC(105)
Pubmed Data : J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2015 Jan ;26(1):95-103. PMID: 24756059Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Turmeric: Volatile Oils : CK(1) : AC(1)Diseases : Gastric Ulcer : CK(250) : AC(96)Pharmacological Actions : Gastroprotective : CK(97) : AC(47)Additional Keywords : Plant Oils
Pubmed Data : Pharmazie. 2006 Aug;61(8):717-21. PMID: 16964717Article Published Date : Aug 01, 2006Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Cytomegalovirus Infections : CK(85) : AC(33), HIV Infections : CK(609) : AC(186), HSV-1 : CK(53) : AC(44)Pharmacological Actions : Antiviral Agents : CK(795) : AC(322)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Br J Nutr. 2011 Aug 18:1-12. Epub 2011 Aug 18. PMID: 21849094Article Published Date : Aug 18, 2011Study Type : Transgenic Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Prostate Cancer : CK(1342) : AC(311)Pharmacological Actions : Apoptotic : CK(2152) : AC(1476), Cell cycle arrest : CK(574) : AC(358)
Pubmed Data : Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 Jun;45(6):921-7. Epub 2006 Nov 29. PMID: 17210214Article Published Date : Jun 01, 2007Study Type : Animal StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Vitamin E : CK(1417) : AC(250)Diseases : Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: Cisplatin : CK(195) : AC(76)Additional Keywords : Antineoplastic Agents : CK(69) : AC(28), Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Mol Nutr Food Res. 2010 Feb 19. Epub 2010 Feb 19. PMID: 20175081Article Published Date : Feb 19, 2010Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Breast Cancer : CK(2940) : AC(676)Pharmacological Actions : Antiproliferative : CK(1768) : AC(1208), Apoptotic : CK(2152) : AC(1476)
Pubmed Data : Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Apr 24;382(1):134-9. Epub 2009 Mar 4. PMID: 19268427Article Published Date : Apr 24, 2009Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Inflammation : CK(1694) : AC(377)Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Inflammatory Agents : CK(2488) : AC(682), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor : CK(1248) : AC(456)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : PLoS One. 2015 ;10(3):e0120203. Epub 2015 Mar 19. PMID: 25789481Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Brain Inflammation : CK(107) : AC(45), Central Nervous System Diseases : CK(1) : AC(1), Cerebral Ischemia : CK(169) : AC(49)Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Inflammatory Agents : CK(2488) : AC(682), Neuroprotective Agents : CK(1376) : AC(685), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor : CK(1248) : AC(456)Additional Keywords : Paradols
Pubmed Data : Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2011 ;75(6):1067-72. Epub 2011 Jun 13. PMID: 21670536Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2011Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Melanoma : CK(208) : AC(91)
Pubmed Data : Chem Biol Interact. 2009 Sep 14;181(1):77-84. Epub 2009 May 27. PMID: 19481070Article Published Date : Sep 14, 2009Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Catechols : CK(14) : AC(12), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Skin Cancer: Squamous Cell : CK(54) : AC(16)Pharmacological Actions : Antiproliferative : CK(1768) : AC(1208), Apoptotic : CK(2152) : AC(1476), Cell cycle arrest : CK(574) : AC(358)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : Int J Prev Med. 2013 Apr ;4(Suppl 1):S36-42. PMID: 23717767Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2013Study Type : ReviewAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Cancers: All : CK(11979) : AC(3016), Inflammation : CK(1694) : AC(377), Liver Disease: Oxidative Stress : CK(4) : AC(2), Muscle Soreness : CK(25) : AC(5)Therapeutic Actions : Exercise : CK(553) : AC(77)Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Inflammatory Agents : CK(2488) : AC(682), Anti-metastatic : CK(397) : AC(127), Antioxidants : CK(5416) : AC(1618), Antiproliferative : CK(1768) : AC(1208), Apoptotic : CK(2152) : AC(1476), Gastrointestinal Agents : CK(37) : AC(1)
Pubmed Data : Acta Pol Pharm. 2006 Mar-Apr;63(2):117-9. PMID: 17514874Article Published Date : Mar 01, 2006Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Parabens-Associated Toxicity : CK(16) : AC(5)
Pubmed Data : J Altern Complement Med. 2007 Apr ;13(3):333-40. PMID: 17480132Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2007Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Chinese Skullcap : CK(99) : AC(59), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Ginkgo biloba : CK(687) : AC(108)Pharmacological Actions : Apoptotic : CK(2152) : AC(1476), Neuroprotective Agents : CK(1376) : AC(685)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2015 Mar ;33(1):42-51. PMID: 25840633Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2015Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Allergic Airway Diseases : CK(41) : AC(17), Allergies : CK(520) : AC(96), Hypersensitivity: Respiratory : CK(1) : AC(1)Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Inflammatory Agents : CK(2488) : AC(682), Enzyme Inhibitors : CK(417) : AC(225), Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) inhibitor : CK(107) : AC(30)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Res Vet Sci. 2010 Feb;88(1):142-7. Epub 2009 Jun 4. PMID: 19500810Article Published Date : Feb 01, 2010Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Dog Diseases : CK(3) : AC(2), Pets: Heartworm : CK(3) : AC(2)Pharmacological Actions : Antiparasitic Agents : CK(37) : AC(22)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012 Aug ;2(8):597-601. PMID: 23569978Article Published Date : Jul 31, 2012Study Type : BacterialAdditional LinksSubstances : Garlic : CK(569) : AC(172), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Bacterial Infections: Resistance/Biofilm Formation : CK(264) : AC(93), Infection: Antibiotic Resistant : CK(350) : AC(112)
Pubmed Data : Biomed Biochim Acta. 1984;43(8-9):S335-46. PMID: 6440548Article Published Date : Jan 01, 1984Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Garlic : CK(569) : AC(172), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Onion : CK(137) : AC(42)Diseases : Thrombosis : CK(295) : AC(74)Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Platelet : CK(118) : AC(32), Anti-thrombotic : CK(45) : AC(22)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0131321. Epub 2015 Jul 1. PMID: 26132146Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Bay leaf : CK(54) : AC(26), Black Pepper : CK(89) : AC(37), Coriandor : CK(1) : AC(1), Cumin : CK(34) : AC(23), Garlic : CK(569) : AC(172), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Mustard Oil : CK(1) : AC(1), Onions, Turmeric : CK(3923) : AC(1885)Diseases : Bacillus Cereus infection : CK(1) : AC(1), Escherichia coli Infections : CK(100) : AC(43), Listeria Infections : CK(24) : AC(17), Micrococcus luteus infections : CK(1) : AC(1), Salmonella Infections : CK(38) : AC(20), Staphylococcus aureus infection : CK(78) : AC(40)Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Bacterial Agents : CK(1194) : AC(362), Antimicrobial : CK(148) : AC(21), Antioxidants : CK(5416) : AC(1618)Additional Keywords : Essential Oils : CK(11) : AC(2), Natural Substance Synergy : CK(328) : AC(154)
Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article.Pubmed Data : Biol Res. 2015 Jan 12 ;48(1):1. Epub 2015 Jan 12. PMID: 25654588Article Published Date : Jan 11, 2015Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Curcuma longa, Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Polyphenols : CK(664) : AC(182)Diseases : Malignant Melanoma : CK(189) : AC(8)Pharmacological Actions : Antiproliferative : CK(1768) : AC(1208), Apoptotic : CK(2152) : AC(1476)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : Carcinogenesis. 2007 Jun;28(6):1188-96. Epub 2006 Dec 6. PMID: 17151092Article Published Date : Jun 01, 2007Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Curcumin : CK(3785) : AC(1541), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Resveratrol : CK(1100) : AC(603)Diseases : Prostate Cancer : CK(1342) : AC(311)Pharmacological Actions : Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor : CK(1248) : AC(456)
Pubmed Data : East Afr Med J. 2002 Nov;79(11):588-92. PMID: 12630492Article Published Date : Nov 01, 2002Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Garcinia kola : CK(13) : AC(3), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Haemophilus influenzae : CK(54) : AC(9), Staphylococcus aureus infection : CK(78) : AC(40), Streptococcus pyogenes : CK(18) : AC(16), Upper Respiratory Infections : CK(824) : AC(90)Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Bacterial Agents : CK(1194) : AC(362)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2015 Apr ;45(1):93-100. PMID: 26012223Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2015Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Garlic : CK(569) : AC(172), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113), Onion : CK(137) : AC(42), Turmeric : CK(3923) : AC(1885)Diseases : Parasitic Intestinal Diseases : CK(17) : AC(7)Pharmacological Actions : Antiparasitic Agents : CK(37) : AC(22)
Pubmed Data : Brain Res. 2004 Sep 10;1020(1-2):1-11. PMID: 8064299Article Published Date : Sep 10, 2004Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Rhinovirus Infection : CK(37) : AC(18)Pharmacological Actions : Antiviral Agents : CK(795) : AC(322)
Pubmed Data : FEBS Lett. 2004 Aug 13;572(1-3):245-50. PMID: 15304356Article Published Date : Aug 13, 2004Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Cancers: All : CK(11979) : AC(3016)Pharmacological Actions : Anticarcinogenic Agents : CK(833) : AC(282), Antioxidants : CK(5416) : AC(1618), Phase II Detoxification Enzyme Inducer : CK(66) : AC(33)
Pubmed Data : J Med Food. 2010 Dec;13(6):1347-54. PMID: 21091248Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2010Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : Catechols : CK(14) : AC(12), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Lung Cancer : CK(857) : AC(230)Pharmacological Actions : Antiproliferative : CK(1768) : AC(1208), Telomerase Inhibitor : CK(41) : AC(23)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : J Med Food. 2014 Apr ;17(4):424-31. Epub 2014 Jan 9. PMID: 24404979Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2014Study Type : In Vitro StudyAdditional LinksSubstances : 6-Shogaol : CK(28) : AC(1), Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Cholesterol: Oxidation : CK(504) : AC(105)Pharmacological Actions : Antioxidants : CK(5416) : AC(1618)Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(5359) : AC(1705)
Pubmed Data : J Med Food. 2005 Summer;8(2):125-32. PMID: 16117603Article Published Date : Jun 01, 2005Study Type : ReviewAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Inflammation : CK(1694) : AC(377)
Pubmed Data : Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009 Sep;108(3):394-8. PMID: 21246004Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2009Study Type : ReviewAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Fatty Liver : CK(540) : AC(127)
Pubmed Data : J BUON. 2011 Jul-Sep;16(3):414-24. PMID: 22006742Article Published Date : Jul 01, 2011Study Type : ReviewAdditional LinksSubstances : Ginger : CK(569) : AC(113)Diseases : Cancers: All : CK(11979) : AC(3016), Cancers: Drug Resistant : CK(278) : AC(159)Pharmacological Actions : Anticarcinogenic Agents : CK(833) : AC(282), Chemosensitizer : CK(253) : AC(176), Radioprotective : CK(460) : AC(185)
Pubmed Data : Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007 Mar;51(3):324-32. PMID:
17295419
Article Published Date : Mar 01, 2007
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Pubmed Data : Dig Dis Sci. 2005 Oct;50(10):1889-97. PMID:
16187193
Article Published Date : Oct 01, 2005
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Article Publish Status : This is a free article.
Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012 ;2012:516870. Epub 2012 Nov 22. PMID:
23243452
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2011
Study Type : Review
Pubmed Data : Acta Pol Pharm. 2007 Jan-Feb;64(1):35-7. PMID:
17665848
Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2007
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Pubmed Data : Afr J Med Med Sci. 2003 Mar;32(1):75-80. PMID:
15030071
Article Published Date : Mar 01, 2003
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Article Publish Status : This is a free article.
Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2014 Sep 15 ;279(3):253-65. Epub 2014 Jul 14. PMID:
25034532
Article Published Date : Sep 14, 2014
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Pubmed Data : Yonsei Med J. 2006 Oct 31;47(5):688-97. PMID:
17066513
Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2006
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Pubmed Data : J Nutr Biochem. 2008 May;19(5):313-9. Epub 2007 Aug 1. PMID:
17683926
Article Published Date : May 01, 2008
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Pubmed Data : Nat Prod Commun. 2011 Nov ;6(11):1671-2. PMID:
22224285
Article Published Date : Nov 01, 2011
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Article Publish Status : This is a free article.
Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2015 ;2015:142979. Epub 2015 Mar 8. PMID:
25838819
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014
Study Type : Review
Pubmed Data : Phytother Res. 2015 May 4. Epub 2015 May 4. PMID:
25939344
Article Published Date : May 03, 2015
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Article Publish Status : This is a free article.
Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : PLoS One. 2013 ;8(1):e54677. Epub 2013 Jan 30. PMID:
23382939
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2012
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Article Publish Status : This is a free article.
Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Mol Neurobiol. 2011 Oct ;44(2):142-59. Epub 2011 Mar 1. PMID:
21360003
Article Published Date : Oct 01, 2011
Study Type : Review
Article Publish Status : This is a free article.
Click here to read the complete article.
Pubmed Data : Nutr J. 2015 ;14(1):31. Epub 2015 Apr 1. PMID:
25889965
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Pubmed Data : Phytother Res. 2013 Mar ;27(3):380-3. Epub 2012 May 21. PMID:
22610968
Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2013
Study Type : Bacterial
Pubmed Data : Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 Aug 6. Epub 2015 Aug 6. PMID:
26247545
Article Published Date : Aug 05, 2015
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Pubmed Data : Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015 Apr 7:0. Epub 2015 Apr 7. PMID:
25848702
Article Published Date : Apr 06, 2015
Study Type : Review
Pubmed Data : Tumour Biol. 2015 Jun 11. Epub 2015 Jun 11. PMID:
26063410
Article Published Date : Jun 10, 2015
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Pubmed Data : J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2012 Oct 12 ;0(0):1-8. Epub 2012 Oct 12. PMID:
23072849
Article Published Date : Oct 11, 2012
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Pubmed Data : Pharmazie. 2008 Oct;63(10):774-6. PMID:
18972844
Article Published Date : Oct 01, 2008
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Pubmed Data : Br J Cancer. 1999 Apr;80(1-2):110-6. PMID:
10389986
Article Published Date : Apr 01, 1999
Study Type : In Vitro Study
Pubmed Data : J Ethnopharmacol. 1988 Jul-Aug;23(2-3):299-304. PMID:
3193792
Article Published Date : Jul 01, 1988
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